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Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody that treats certain autoimmune diseases and types of cancer, such as:
Rituximab is given through an IV infusion, usually at an outpatient infusion center, and it helps to reset your immune system or fight cancer. It can also lower your immune response for a significant period after the treatment, so it’s important to know what to avoid after a rituximab infusion.
Rituximab infusions target your body’s B lymphocytes, a white blood cell type essential to your immune system. These cells can become problematic because:
Rituximab works by binding to a protein called CD20 found on the surface of pre-B and mature B lymphocytes, which triggers several processes that eliminate those cells. This decreases the abnormal immune responses in autoimmune diseases and reduces the number of cancerous B cells in lymphomas and leukemias.
However, this depletion can also weaken your immune system’s ability to produce antibodies, essential for fighting infections. This effect is typically temporary, as your body can regenerate B lymphocytes over time.
After receiving a rituximab infusion, your B-cell level typically decreases within 72 hours. In many cases, B lymphocytes return to measurable levels approximately six to nine months after treatment. For some individuals, though, the recovery period may extend beyond nine months.
During this time, your immune system may be less capable of responding to infections. It’s essential to discuss with your healthcare provider what to expect after a rituximab infusion and how to determine the appropriate timing for other medical treatments or interventions during your recovery period.
Because rituximab can weaken your immunity, the treatment makes you more vulnerable to illness and affects how your body handles vaccines, medications, and other treatments. You need to take specific precautions to protect yourself while your immune system rebuilds.
Live vaccines contain active viruses or bacteria, which can cause infections if your immune system is not functioning properly. This puts you at higher risk for serious complications from vaccines like MMR, chickenpox, and yellow fever. You should wait until your immune system has recovered — usually at least six months — before considering live vaccines.
Since rituximab increases your risk of getting sick, take these precautions:
Additionally, always carry hand sanitizer to use when soap isn’t available.
Call your doctor right away if you see any early signs of infection, including:
Infections may not show typical symptoms due to your reduced immune response, so you should take even minor changes seriously. Waiting too long can lead to more severe illness and complications.
Rituximab can harm a developing fetus by interfering with the immune system. Even if your periods stop during treatment, pregnancy is still possible, so use reliable birth control while receiving the therapy and continue using it for 12 months after your last dose.
If you become pregnant while on rituximab, inform your doctor immediately. Do not breastfeed during treatment or for at least six months afterward, as rituximab can pass into breast milk and affect your baby’s developing immune system.
During the weeks or even months after finishing rituximab, there is a risk of severe skin reactions that can start as:
These reactions can spread quickly and could be signs of rare but serious conditions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. If you see new rashes, changes in skin color, painful areas, or feel itching that doesn’t go away, contact your doctor at once.
Many over-the-counter products can interact with rituximab or suppress your immune system further. For example, ingredients in cold medications or herbal immunity boosters might cause unexpected effects when your immune response is already lowered. Always bring a list of any products you use to your medical appointments and ask your healthcare provider before starting anything new, including vitamins.
Make sure every healthcare provider you see knows that you are being treated with rituximab, including:
Carry a biological therapy alert card or wear a medical alert bracelet that mentions rituximab. This helps healthcare workers give you the right care quickly, especially in emergencies when you cannot explain your treatment history.
While you can travel after a rituximab infusion, postponing major travel until your condition is stable and well-controlled is generally advisable. When you’re healthy enough for a journey, these recommendations can help keep you safe:
Before making arrangements, discuss your plans with your doctor. They can assess your health status, provide personalized advice, and determine if it’s OK for you to travel based on your treatment schedule and immune function.
Your recovery after rituximab depends on how well your body rebuilds its immune system, which can take many months. Staying informed about how the treatment affects your body helps you know what to avoid after a rituximab infusion, whether you are planning a trip, managing everyday health, or preparing for other medical care.
If rituximab therapy is right for you, Healix Infusion Care can provide your treatment in a safe, comfortable, home-like setting. Find a location near you today.
This information is for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice or professional services. It is intended as a general resource to aid in understanding diagnoses and treatment options. If you have concerns about a medical condition or are interested in a specific treatment, please consult your healthcare provider.
