What Are the Potential Side Effects of Rituximab?
Like most medications, rituximab infusions have side effects that may vary depending on your health and how your body responds to the treatment. Many are mild and fade on their own, while others are more serious and need medical attention.
Common Side Effects
- Fever or chills
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Muscle or joint pain
- Skin rash or itching
Rare but Serious Side Effects
- Severe lung problems, including shortness of breath or inflammation
- Heart problems, like chest pain or irregular heartbeat
- Kidney failure
- Severe skin reactions such as blistering or peeling
- Bowel blockage or tears (especially in people with cancer)
- Severe allergic reactions outside of infusion days
Infusion Reactions
Rituximab infusion reactions are the most common side effect during your first dose. These can happen within 30 minutes to a few hours after treatment starts. You may feel symptoms like a tight chest, trouble breathing, dizziness, or a rapid heartbeat. Some people also get hives or swelling in the face or throat.
Your care team usually gives you medicines before the infusion to help prevent this, and they will monitor you closely during the process.
What Are the Effects of Rituximab on the Immune System?
B leukocytes normally help fight infections. Since rituximab therapy lowers the number of B cells in your body, you may be more likely to get sick following treatment.
Some infections, like colds, might be mild. However, others can be severe, especially because your immune system may stay low for as many as six to nine months, sometimes longer. Your doctor may check your blood regularly to watch your immune cell levels and look for signs of infection.
While taking rituximab, you should take extra precautions:
- Wash your hands often
- Avoid contact with people who are sick
- Stay up to date on vaccines
It’s important to note that some live vaccines may not be safe while you’re on treatment.
Let your care team know immediately if you have a fever, cough, sore throat, or any signs of infection. They may adjust your treatment or prescribe medicine to protect you.